Showing posts with label Mandarin. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Mandarin. Show all posts

Sunday, August 19, 2018

Crazy Rich Asians

When I first heard that they were making this movie with Asian people called Crazy Rich Asians, I was not excited. I don't care about the stories of rich people and I really didn't think long about what it would mean to see this all Asian movie. After all, I've seen plenty of films from China and Hong Kong. But as the buildup to the movie spawned more dialogue, I realized I loved its concept - whether I loved the movie itself would depend on its execution.

I loved the movie. It is shocking to me how much this New York - Singapore rom com story resonated with me, how many different scenes directly and viscerally engaged my memories. I walked out shaking my head, wondering if they'd made the movie for me, a Chinese American who has experienced both "normal" Asian American life, stepped into rich circles in Asia, and roomed with a Singaporean. At times I identified with Constance Wu's character, at time with Henry Golding's, at times with various other members of the all Asian cast. I've never experienced anything like that before, seeing people who looked like myself on the movie and wondering if I could've auditioned. I realize now that I had been conditioned to accept that movies were not made for me, that Hollywood was serving what they were serving and I would have to learn to enjoy it. Seeing this, and realizing that other people have been experiencing this their whole lives, I'm honestly jealous.

And naturally, I have a LOT of thoughts and I'm going to spit them out in bullet form, because I got too much going on to organize. If you haven't seen the movie yet, there will be lots of spoilers, go see the movie:
  • Awkwafina killed it. It's a bit weird that she is cast as a wealthy Singaporean who went to college in the US, but really she is playing herself, a not wealthy girl from Queens. There has been some criticism that she's appropriating from black culture, but she is just playing herself. You can't entirely control the way your environment affects you, and how she speaks is genuinely how she speaks. She makes no effort to act like a Singaporean, but is absolutely hilarious and steals the show. I really want to hang out with her now.
  • The opening scene in Singapore, at the Newton Hawker Food Centre, was amazing. It reminded me of the meal I had when I visited my former roommate Francis after he'd moved back. I think they could've lingered longer and named all the roti canai, the chili crab, the laksa, the char kway teow etc. but this movie wasn't about explaining Asian culture. Director Jon Chu has a great quote about this, that explains how his vision is almost the opposite of Wes Anderson's (which I heavily criticize):  “We didn’t want to give people an excuse to think of this world as some kind of obscure, exotic fantasyland — this is a real place, with real culture, history and tradition, and instead of just giving them answers to their questions, we want them to have conversations.”
  • When I was 23 I went from living on a mattress in a shared attic of a house in DC to starting a career in Hong Kong, being welcomed by aunts and uncles, a few of whom are quite rich (not crazy rich). I found myself often at fancy dinners in country clubs and members-only restaurants, and for me it was definitely a surreal experience trying to look presentable and not say anything uncouth. Rachel's experience takes this to another level.
  • The whole movie I kept thinking what is the actual national and ethnic background of this actor/actress, and who are they portraying. Brits and Aussies play Americans all the time, but the cultural and linguistic abilities at stake make this trickier in Crazy Rich Asians
  • Michelle Yeoh is cast perfectly. She is Malaysian Chinese from Ipoh and speaks great Cantonese, and does so throughout the film, which is believable for her character (who reminded me of many of my aunts). She doesn't speak with a Singlish accent, but her English accent is believable for someone of her wealth who studied in the UK and would want to present as higher class.
  • Henry Golding is an interesting casting decision, and my thoughts on this are, no pun intended, mixed. With a white British father and an Iban Malay mother, his portrayal of the Singaporean Chinese lead was criticized from the beginning. There is something to be said for making a statement that Asian men can be sexy leads and to authentically portray the part. But as a mixed-race Asian myself who has resented being considered "not Asian enough," I will defend Golding's Asian chops. He spent the first 7 years of his life in East Malaysia, and the last 7 in Singapore, speaks Malay (which he shows briefly in the hawker stall scene), and seems culturally quite Asian. I totally bought his portrayal as a rich Singaporean heir (in his first ever acting role!). He has a couple Mandarin speaking lines in it, and while his first one is kinda scary, he does a respectable job on the longer ones. However, his mixed visual appearance was impossible to overlook, and was completely not addressed in the movie. His mother is shown to be Michelle Yeoh, and his father is in my opinion very deliberately not shown, in hopes that this would ignore the topic. There are plenty of wealthy Eurasian families in Singapore, and it would not have been difficult to write this into the movie adaptation (the book's Nick Young is not supposed to be mixed).Crazy Rich Asians (2018), Henry Golding, Constance Wu
  • Constance Wu excellently plays an American-born Chinese, which she is. Now... I'm not in the business of shaming second-generation immigrants on not speaking their "mother tongue," and my own Mandarin accent has been called "freakily jarring," .... but I had no idea her Chinese was so bad. Her lines with the paternal grandmother were distractingly painful, and considering her character in Fresh Off the Boat, I had just assumed she spoke fluent Mandarin. Like her Mandarin is bad for an American-born Taiwanese. For her role in this movie, it's fine, but I think Constance Wu could benefit greatly from a tutor.
  • Also the grandmother speaking Mandarin is not believable. The matriarch of a family like that in Singapore would probably speak English, Hokkien and not Mandarin. It's an odd juxtaposition to Michelle Yeoh, who famously phonetically learned her Mandarin lines in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.
  • Ronnie Chieng, born across the causeway in Malaysia's Johor Bohru and graduated high school in Singapore, is believable in his role but totally overacts.
  • There are a lot of non-Chinese Asian actors/actresses playing Chinese roles, including Ken Jeong, Nico Santos and Sonoya Mizuno. This can sometimes feel whitewashing-ish. We Asians complain that white people can't tell us apart, but then we cast roles like we can't tell each other apart? In my opinion, this is not a problem right now. White people play characters from European countries they are not from all the time, and there is so much variation in how people look that all these roles visually pass. I'm focused on how good it is that this movie can create so many roles for Asian actors/actresses.
  • There are lots of great Singapore scenes. The shots of the Merlion, the party at the Gardens by the Bay, the hawker stall, the Helix Bridge, the shophouses - visually I think they make Singapore look really cool. There are several images shot out of focus or very quickly that brilliantly portrays how overwhelming the experience can be for an American landing in Singapore for the first time. The last scene on top of Marina Bay Sands overlooking the infinity pool reminds me of a crazy night I had freeloading on some rich business school student's bottle service in the club where that scene is shot.
  • However, Crazy Rich Asians does not do Singaporean culture justice. There are very few Singaporean actors/actresses in the film, and one of them, Tan Kheng Hua, plays a non-Singaporean role. There is very little Singlish in the film, and while there is plenty of discussion of Chinese culture, almost none of it is Singapore-specific. It's super clear the film is targeted for the Asian diaspora in the Western world, particularly in America. I am curious as to how this film will be received in Singapore. 
  • In addition, there is basically no portrayal of Malay or Indian Singaporeans. While the film can't be everything for everyone, and the Chinese dominant friend group is believable, it would have also been believable and not too difficult to have written in a Malay or Indian Singaporean character into the wedding parties. And it would have made a big difference in how this film depicts Singaporean society.
  • One last note for the Singaporeans, I'm surprised there wasn't at least a cameo of a recognizable Singaporean like JJ Lin or Joseph Schooling in the wedding.
  • There is also very little service towards mainland China. I figured that since China's market is so big, the film would try to kowtow towards mainlanders, possibly by casting a major star from there, but I'm glad to see they stuck to making the movie they wanted.
  • I dated someone in college who is from India, and while I knew she was wealthy, I was shocked to visit her in India and discover that her family is so well known in property development that their last name is immediately recognized throughout India. So I immediately identified with Rachel.
  • I've also dated an Asian-American in Hong Kong from a working immigrant background, and brought her to fancy dinners with my family, so I also identified with Nick.
  • The most intriguing part of the movie is stated by Eleanor, Michelle Yeoh's character, about how Asian culture demands putting the family first, and how Americans put themselves first. The scorn she shows towards Rachel pursuing her passion isn't just relatable, it's the reason I drink. I wish the movie could've spent more time on that.
  • Even though I know the rules, I totally did not understand the Mahjong scene, which has a shit ton of nuance and subtle imagery
  • Besides the opening scene with a racist British concierge, there are almost no white speaking roles. In fact, there is one scene on a boat where white women are in the backdrop, used as eye candy. To someone like me, this invokes an anti-version of a common Hollywood trope of placing pretty Asian women in the backdrop (Social Network, Ex-Machina). Experience had taught me that even in Asian-centric films, there is always at least one white person, written in so that the movie can appeal more easily to a white American base. It makes me think of a line from Rush Hour 2, where in the midst of investigating a Chinese gang, Chris Tucker says, "Behind every big crime, there's a rich white man waiting for his cut." This movie eschews that entirely, and it's refreshing!
  • I was pleasantly surprised to see/hear Kina Grannis as the wedding singer. She's a half-Caucasian half-Japanese singer from California whose career I've loosely followed for years.
  • On a related note, the soundtrack is amazing. I've been listening to the Chinese version of "Yellow" on repeat. There's a lot of fascinating backstory to its inclusion, an adaptation that the band Coldplay was initially dead set against, afraid the title Yellow would come across negatively. When I first listened to the song, I expected it to be a direct translation of the Coldplay song, and so I was disappointed that I was unable to match any of the lyrics. The word "yellow" - 黄, is barely sang in the song. I've since looked up the lyrics and realize it's nearly a complete rewrite - it's a beautiful adaptation written in 2015 by a mainland artist Cheng Jun 郑钧 that's only loosely connected with the English lyrics.
  • I was also told to expect Cantopop, but when Sally Yeh (in her 3rd language!) came on with a Cantonese version of a Madonna song, I was still shocked to hear Cantopop in an English language movie. Again this is due to a conditioning that Cantopop is this tiny, niche medium that should be restricted to certain settings. It's still crazy to me that my white friends who watched this film have now heard Cantopop.
  • As a romantic comedy, the story isn't original. There are plenty of tropes, and the main characters are quite underdeveloped. We are never really shown whether Nick and Rachel are actually a good couple. The fact that I hate rom coms and found this movie so enjoyable is a testament to how well they handled everything else.
  • I wish there was some sort of body symbol coming out of the film, like the Wakandan salute that came out of Black Panther. I want to have something like that.
  • I had no idea who Jimmy O. Yang was. I might start watching Silicon Valley just cause I liked him so much.
This was made possible because of the Asian American creative forces behind this, Jon Chu and Adele Lim. You need that sort of direction from the top to understand what representation really means – not a college brochure of different colored faces, but different people telling their own very different stories. Going forward, I hope they produce the whole trilogy, what I really want isn't more all-Asian movies. Rather, I want Americans of all backgrounds to understand each other's specific issues better and naturally incorporate them more into their stories. Long term, I want this country, this world, to be far less segregated so that no group needs to feel culturally marginalized. 

I'm excited for what's to come.

Wednesday, March 2, 2016

Guide to Cantonese for English speakers who know Mandarin

The official languages of Hong Kong are English and "Chinese", the latter in quotes because it actually encompasses a language family. The Hong Kong government calls this policy "biliterate and trilingual - 兩文三語" to indicate that printed texts have English and Traditional Chinese versions and spoken English, Cantonese and Mandarin are all accepted. Cantonese is the de facto spoken language, the home language of about 90% of the populace and the historical language of the region (although some of the earliest settlements in Hong Kong were Hakka speaking). Lots of educated people, whether civil servants, business people or Disneyland staff, regularly conduct services in three languages. While there are more multilingual regions of the world, the overall trilingualism in Hong Kong is still rather impressive. Since the colonial reign ended in Hong Kong in 1997, even the casual observer can tell that the general level of English has worsened but the level of Mandarin has improved greatly.

People often ask how different are Mandarin and Cantonese. It's suffice to say they are mutually unintelligible, but the nuances get complicated. If you are familiar with the Romance language family spread in Southern Europe, you could analogize that Cantonese and Mandarin are like Spanish and French. The Romance languages probably started diverging mainly following the decline of the Roman Empire in the 4th and 5th centuries, and Mandarin and Cantonese probably diverged from Middle Chinese around the 6th century. However the geographic spread between North and South China is much greater than between Italy, France and Portugal. Nonetheless a single Chinese written script and a sense of ethnic unity kept the language from diverging as much as it normally would, while the emergence of nationalisms and independent orthographies in Europe divided a dialect continuum into distinct official languages.* Tl;dr - you could say the Chinese languages are more divergent than the Romance languages in some ways, and less in other ways.
Carlos Douh - The poster boy for a westerner who's learned good Cantonese

Most English speakers who move to Hong Kong (and plenty who grow up there) don't learn Cantonese or Mandarin. They already speak one of the official languages so it's easy enough to get by in Hong Kong. Obviously though, being able to speak English and Cantonese in Hong Kong leads to a much fuller experience. Learning the language is difficult and the Hong Kong environment doesn't make it convenient. While Mandarin-learning resources are bountiful, Cantonese-learning resources barely exist - which is why I'm writing this. One major problem is the lack of a phonetic standard - there is a system called Jyutping but it's not commonly used. Nevertheless, I believe it's definitely possible to learn Cantonese in Hong Kong especially when you come in with a background in Mandarin. My office was very Cantonese heavy, and mainland Chinese arrivals would nearly always be conversant in Cantonese within a year. Hong Kong has a thriving community of former China expats, who eventually move to Hong Kong for its unique blend of China with western characteristics. If you're one of them and don't know Cantonese, this is for you. From my anecdotal experience, there are 100 adults who learn Mandarin well for every 1 that learns Cantonese well.

Every word in Mandarin can be said in Cantonese as well. In fact all Chinese speakers can read the same text. However the modern written language is similar to formal Mandarin, and so even though Cantonese speakers can read written Chinese, they will use different words and expressions in conversation. The most important things to learn are 1. common sound changes for the words that are mutually shared and 2. these colloquial expressions.

I know that I'm not the most qualified person to write this, but I don't see the more qualified people writing this, so here goes. Instead of using jyutping, I've chosen to use subjective phonetic English spelling, which is kinda what I've always used. I'm also going to ignore Cantonese tones here, even though there are 9 and they are important. However I subscribe to the school of not focusing your language-learning efforts on tones. Nearly every Cantonese speaker I've talked to would be hard-pressed to name all 9 tones, and do not actively think about tones while speaking. Languages are organic and make human sense, and I think with enough repetition, the tones will naturally come to you.
Let's start with the sound changes:

1. Sound Changes
qi -> kay
星期 -xīngqí - sing kay - Week
奇怪 - qíguài - kay gwai - Weird
其中 - qízhōng - kay zhong - Among them
國旗 - guóqí - gwok kay - National flag

zhi - > jee
一至九 - yīzhì jiǔ - yut jee gau - One to nine
只係 - zhíxì - jee hai - Only
支持 - zhīchí - jee chee - Support
手指 - shǒuzhǐ - sou jee - Finger
知道 -zhīdào - jee dou - Know
(jik is also a common change, such as 直 - Straight)

bai -> baak
一百 - yī bǎi - yut baak - One hundred
白色 - bái sè - baak sik - White color
(some other characters like 拜 are just pronounced bai)

xian - > seen
先生 - xiānshēng - seen sang - Mr.
電線 - diànxiàn - deen seen - Electric cable
 新鮮 -  xīnxiān - sun seen - Fresh

ji -> gay
幾多 -jǐduō - gay do - How many
飛機 - fēijī - fei gay - Airplane
自己 - zìjǐ - jee gay - Oneself
基本 - jīběn - gay boon - Basic
記得 - jìdé - gay duc - Remember

you -> yao
有 -yǒu - yao - Have
又 - yòu - yao - Again
左右 -zuǒyòu - jor yao - Left right
郵件 - yóujiàn - yao geen - Mail
石油 - shíyóu - sek yao - Oil
Note: when I first started learning Mandarin, I always got 有 and 要 confused. Cantonese 有 just sounds too much like Mandarin 要. Vice versa isn't quite so true, but it's still confusing.

yao -> yiu
要 - yào - yiu - Need
姚明 - yáomíng - yiu ming - Yao Ming
-yāo - yiu - Waist

gao -> go
蛋糕 - dàngāo - daan go - Cake
高興 - gāoxìng - go hing - Happiness
報告 - bàogào - bo go - Report

jian -> geen
再見 - zàijiàn - joi geen - Goodbye
一件事 - yījiànshì - yut geen see - One thing
建築 - jiànzhú - geen jook - Building
堅定 - jiāndìng - geen ding - Firm

(many jian are also pronounced as gaan such as 簡單 gaan daan and 一間房 yut gaan fong)

yang -> yeung
太陽 - tàiyáng - tai yeung - Sun
羊肉 - yángròu - yeung yook - Lamb meat

Ok I think that's a lot right there. First note: every single one of those sound changes have exceptions. They are just general rules that I tend to use whenever I come across a word that I only know in one language and need to guess in the other language. I'd say they work more than half the time. Second note: A bunch of sounds have no common changes, like shi and xi. Third note: I decided to just write all these examples in Traditional Chinese, as used in Hong Kong. If you are only familiar with Simplified, I honestly don't think it's that hard to gradually adjust to Traditional. This post may serve as a primer for your transition. However below, I do write the Mandarin phrases in Simplified and the Cantonese equivalents in Traditional.

2. Phrases 
是 -係 -  hai - To be
不 - 唔 - ng - Not
你怎么样? - 點啊你?deem ah lei? How are you?
为什么? - 點解? deem gai? Why?
什么 - 乜嘢 or 咩嘢 - mut yeh or meh yeh (interchangeable) - What
没有  - 無 or 冇 - mou - Not have. Cantonese just combines these two words into one. Despite this, the usage doesn't change. 有冇 is exactly the same as 有没有. Because the writing of Cantonese-specific characters is not standardized, you do see both characters used.
我们 -我地 - ngo** dei - We. 地 is used exactly like们. 你地 (lei dei) means you plural and 佢地 means they (keui dei). 他 is only used in writing.
这里 - 呢度 - ni dou - Here. Substitute 呢 in all cases you would use 这
哪里-邊度 - been dou - Where. Substitute 邊 in all cases you would use 哪
刚刚 - 啱啱 - ngaam ngaam - Just now.
现在 -而家 - yee ga - Now.
听得懂  - 聽得明 - tang duc ming - Understand.
喜欢 - 鍾意 - zhong yee - Like
饭馆  - 餐廳 - chaan tang - Restaurant
乘电梯 - 搭𨋢 -daap leep - Take the elevator. Hong Kongers throw in more English words in general than Mainland Chinese, but this is an example of a nativized word. Leep actually comes from "lift"
当然 - 梗係 - gun hai - Of course. Although dong yeen has now entered common parlance.
美女 - 靚女 - liang leoi - Pretty girl. Useful.
帅哥 - 靚仔 - liang jai - Handsome guy. 仔 is used much more in Cantonese to denote child or dude.
老外 -鬼佬 - guai lo - If you're a white guy, this might one of the first phrases you learn.
的 - 嘅 - gor - possessive indicator. This is slightly tricky. Cantonese doesn't do possessions quite the same way, using the measure word instead. This word is used when the measure word is 個, as in 佢嘅朋友 keui gor pung yau, his friend. In fact most people just write 佢個朋友, but technically the tone 個 changes slightly. For different measure words, just use that measure word, i.e.貓 - ngo jek mao - my cat.
你吃饭了吗? -你食左飯未呀? - lei sic jor fan mei ah? Have you eaten yet? There's quite a lot going on grammatically here in this common greeting. First, Cantonese has it's own word for eat, 'sic'. Second, 了which is pronounced lieu in Cantonese, is hardly used in conversation. "jor" (which sounds similar to the pinyin zuo) is used instead to denote past tense with the character for left typically adopted, and is (usually) used in verb + 左 + object pattern unlike the Mandarin 了. Third, 未 is the Cantonese word for yet. This word is in Mandarin too, but isn't used as often or in the same way as in Cantonese. Sometimes 未 replaces 还, other times like here, it comes at the end of the sentence like in English. Finally, 呀 is a common Cantonese interjection at the end of sentences, like it is in Mandarin. 吗 is not often used as a question word - in fact in Hong Kong Cantonese, ending a sentence in an upward inflection can in fact connote a question, just like in English.
谢谢 - 唔該 or 多謝 ng goi or duo jie - Thank you
Ah the Cantonese thank you. This tricked me up when I first moved to Hong Kong and I kept using the wrong thank you for months. The two thank you's are for mutually exclusive scenarios! Use 唔該 when someone does a basic task for you or something that you asked for, and 多謝 when someone does a medium to large favor, especially if you didn't ask for it and definitely if money is exchanged.

Hope that's a good starter course! If you want to thank me, please say 多謝.

*It's an urban legend that Cantonese was 1 vote away from becoming the official language of China. The language in Beijing has been the government language for three dynasties, and got its English name because government employees (Mandarins) were required to learn it regardless of origin. The Qing Dynasty promoted Mandarin for official purposes in 1909.
**If you can't pronounce the ng in 我, just say o (same vowel as in wo) - half of Hong Kong has dropped the ng anyways.